के नेपालका सबै भाषाहरु नेपाली भाषा हो?

by PraBn Shakya on Tuesday, December 14, 2010 at 9:49pm

हालसालै तिहार अघि एक उच्चस्तरीय राजनैतिक कार्यदलको वैठकले देवनागरी लिपीको नेपालीभाषा(?)लाई सरकारी काम काजको भाषा वनाउने सहमति गर्यो ।के यहाँ नेपाली भाषा भनेर खस भाषालाई भन्न खोजेको हो ? स्पष्ट छैन । यदि हो भने अझै पनि नेपालमा खस संप्रभुत्वता कायमै रहेको छ भन्ने प्रमाणित हुन्छ । यो लोकतान्त्रिक सरकार संग पञ्चायत कालिन मानसिकता अझै पनि वाँकि रहेछ भन्ने प्रमाणित हुन्छ । नेपालमा एउटैमात्र यस्तो भाषा छ जो आफ्नो मौलिक स्वनाममा भन्दा अन्य अरुको नाम धारण गर्दामा गर्वता महशुस गर्दछ ।

गोर्खाको राजा पृथ्वी नारायण शाहले नेपाल खाल्डो जितेर पनि वनाउन नसकेको सरकारी भाषा संवन्धी नियम नेपालमा संभवतः र्सवप्रथम सन् १९०५ तिर चन्द्र शमशेरले नेपालको अन्य भाषाहरुलाई प्रतिवन्धित गर्नका निमित्त "अव देखि अड्डा अदालतमा गोर्खा भाषा बाहेक अन्य भाषामा लेखिएको कागतपत्रलाई मान्यता दिईने छैन ।" भनी उर्दी जारी गरी वनेको थियो । राणा कालीन यो उर्दी पछि गोर्खा भाषा वाहेक अन्य भाषाले टाउको उठाउन सम्म पाएन । राज्यले अन्य भाषाहरु प्रति वक्रे दृष्टि हेर्ने प्रवृति यही वाट सुरुवाट भयो । यस पछि गोर्खा भाषाको विकासको लागी राज्यले धेरै मेहेनत गर्यो । गोर्खा भाषाको पत्रिका गार्खापत्र प्रकाशित भयो । गोर्खा भाषा प्रकाशन समिति वन्यो । देशको सम्पूर्ण काम काज गोर्खा भाषामा मात्रै भयो । अन्य भाषालाई राज्यले जगेर्ना गर्नु त कता दमन वाहेक केही पनि दिएन । १७ साल सम्म पुग्दा त यो गोर्खा भाषालाई नेपाली भाषा नै भनेर खुलेआम भन्न थालियो । एक भाषा निति अंगाल्दै अन्य भाषालाई दमन गर्नु नै त्यो वेलाको सरकारको पुरुषार्थ थियो ।

खस प्रदेशमा उद्गम भएको यस खस भाषा समय परिष्थिती संग घुलमील हुंदै पहादी भाषा (पर्वते भाषा ) भयो । त्यस पछी शाह वंशीय गोर्खाली राजाको छत्रछायाँ पाएर गोर्खा भाषा वन्यो । नेपालको एकीकरण पछि पनि नेपाली भाषा भनाउन नसकेको यो भाषालाई राणाकालीन जहाँनिया उर्दीले नेपाली भाषा बन्यो भने पञ्चायत कालीन निरंकुश एक भाषा कुनितिले नेपाली भाषा भन्नै पर्ने बाध्यता भयो ।

नेवाः, नेपाः, नेवाल, नेपाल, नेवार यी सवै जे भने पनि हाम्रो देश नेपाललाई नै जनाउँछ । नेपाल यानेकी नेपाल मण्डलका नेवारहरुले बोल्ने भाषालाई नेपाली भाषा नभनी कसरी गोर्खा भाषा (खस भाषा) लाई मात्रै नेपाली भाषा भनियो ? प्रश्न उठाउन सकिन्छ ।हिजो पंचायत ब्यबस्था रहेको बेला नेवारहरु आफ्नो भाषाको नाम लुटिंदा आन्दोलित भए र आजित भई आफ्नो भाषालाई नेपाल भाषा सम्म भनाउन सक्षम भए । आज देशमा लोकतन्त्र आउँदा सम्म पनि यहाँका नेताहरु खस भाषालाई नै नेपाली भाषा भन्न किन रुचाउँछन् ? के यस्को मौलिक नाम नै नभएकोले त्यसो भनेको हो र ?

नेवारहरुले आफ्नो भाषालाई नेपाल भाषा भनि स्वीकारी सकेको वर्तमान अवस्थामा अव कुनै पनि एकमात्र भाषा विषेशलाई नेपाली भाषा भनेर राज्यले भन्नु हुँदैन । नेपाली भाषा भन्नाले नेपाल भित्र वोलिने सम्पूर्ण भाषालाई जनाउनु पर्दछ । जस्तै - नेपाली चार्डपर्व भन्नाले नेपाल भित्र मनाईने सम्पूर्ण चार्डपर्वहरुलाई जनाउँछ, नेपाली संस्कृति भन्नाले नेपाल भित्रको सम्पूर्ण संस्कृतिहरुलाई जनाउँछ, नेपाली जनजाति भन्नाले नेपाल भित्रको सम्पूर्ण जनजातिहरुलाई जनाउँछ, नेपाली रहनसहन भन्नाले नेपाल भित्रको सम्पूर्ण रहनसहनहरुलाई जनाउँछ कुनै एक विशेषलाई मात्रै जनाउँदैन । तर नेपाली भाषा भन्नाले किन खस भाषालाई मात्र जनाउनु पर्ने हो ? के नेपालमा वोलिने सवै अर्को भाषा गैरनेपाली हो ? विदेशी भाषा हो ? नेपाल जस्तो बृहद शब्द किन भाषामा मात्र संकुचित पारिँदैछ ?

चीनमा वोलिने भाषालाई चाईनीज भाषा भनिन्छ तर चाईनिज भाषा भन्ने वितिक्कै कुनै एक मात्र भाषालाई जनाउँदैन मेण्डेरिन वा क्यान्तोनिज वा अन्य कुन भाषा हो फेरी छुट्याउनु पर्छ । भारत(इण्डीया)मा वोलिने भाषालाई भारतिय भाषा वा इण्डीयन भाषा भनेर भनिन्छ तर भारतिय वा इण्डीयन भाषा भन्ने वितिक्कै कुनै एक मात्र भाषालाई जनाउँदैन हिन्दि वा मराठी वा गुजराती वा अन्य कुन भाषा हो फेरी छुट्याउनु पर्छ । तर यहाँ नेपाली भाषा भन्नाले खस भाषा मात्र किन जनाउँछ ? यो एकदमै संकुचित मानसिकताको उपज हो । यस्लाई वर्तमान लोकतान्त्रिक सरकारले परिवर्तन गर्न सक्नु पर्छ । नेपाली भाषा भन्नाले नेपाल भित्र वोलिने सम्पूर्ण भाषा मगर, तमाङ्ग, नेवार, मैथली, भोजपुरी......इत्यादी सबै भाषालाई जनाउनु पर्दछ । सबै भाषाले आफ्नो मोलिक नाममा गर्व महसुस गर्नसक्नु पर्दछ । यो नै लोकतान्त्रिक मान्यताको आदर्श हो ।

नेपाल भित्रको सम्पूर्ण भाषा, लिपी नेपालको संपत्ति हो । यस्को संरक्षण सम्बर्दन गर्नु राज्यको कर्तब्य हो । यदि राज्यले कसैलाई काखा कसैलाई पाखा गर्छ भने लोकतन्त्रको उपहास हुने छ । नेपाल जस्तो वहुभाषिक, वहु लिपि भएको देशमा कुनै एकमात्र भाषालाई, कुनै एक मात्र लिपिलाई मात्र सरकारी मान्यता दिएर अरुलाई लत्याउन हुदैन, सवैलाई समान अवसर दिनु पर्दछ । 

(पुनश्चः खस नेपाली भाषालाई होच्याउने यस लेखको आशय होईन - संपादक अमलेख साप्ताहिक)

यो लेख प्रत्येक सोमवार प्रकाशितहुने स्वतन्त्रता र मानवअधिकारप्रति समर्पित समाचार र विचार प्रधान सांस्कृतिक पत्रिका अमलेख साप्ताहिकको November 15, 2010को अंकमा प्रकाशित भइसकेको लेख हो।

--source.. binaya rajopadhyaye

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=482515772481

Kirat outfit top brass operating in disguise

Added At:  2011-01-13 11:29 PM  

Last Updated At: 2011-01-13 11:29 PM

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HIMALAYAN NEWS SERVICE

ITAHARI: An office-bearer of the newly-formed Pallo Kirat Limbuwan State Committee has revealed that many central and regional-level leaders of the Kirat Janabadi Workers’

Party have been operating under the Sanyukta Jatiya Morcha, falsifying the local administration’s claims that it has tamed the party.

Committee secretary Abiral Sundas made this revelation at the committee-held press meet in the Charkoshe forest of Sunsari yesterday. Sundas further said KJWP functionaries had been operating under the Morcha because police had targeted the Kirat outfit, while other leaders claimed that the Morcha had Maoist leaders, who had fought during the insurgency.

Maintaining that the mainstream political parties cannot work for the welfare of the people, Sundas said, ‘’We will intensify the formation of kangaroo governments from local to central levels.’’ He went on to accuse the parties of trying to reinstate the monarchy by delaying the statute-drafting process.

Sundas said they have already formed kangaroo government in Udayapur district and plan to form similar dispensations in other districts, too.

Dwelling further on his outfit’s plans, Sundas said it will drive out local bodies.

He maintained that his outfit had planted bombs in VDC offices to destroy old things for the creation of new structures.

The SJP secretary said they will form a parallel government after forming local bodies. Claiming that they had launched a revolt, he said SJP had to take this step as the Maoists joined the mainstream without empowering the people.

Further on, he demanded that the new constitution incorporate the aspirations of all castes and creeds. Members of the newly-formed committee were also made public on the occasion.

http://www.thehimalayantimes.com/rssReference.php?headline=Kirat+outfit+top+brass+operating+in+disguise+&NewsID=272923

Nepal's indigenous peoples demand to participate in the revision of the constitution

4 January, 2010

In January 2010, the Indigenous Peoples Mega Front, the Lawyers' Association for Human Rights of Nepalese Indigenous Peoples (LAHURNIP) and the Forest Peoples Programme (FPP) submitted a request to the United Nations (UN) Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of Indigenous Peoples, following Nepal's failure to comply with UN recommendations regarding the exclusion of indigenous peoples from the revision of Nepal's Constitution.
Link to the Request to UN Special Rapporteur

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FIRST PUBLISHED IN THE ENEWSLETTER

• FPP ENewsletter March 2010

http://www.forestpeoples.org/topics/un-human-rights-system/news/2010/11/nepal-s-indigenous-peoples-demand-participate-revision-co

Speakers stress on ensuring rights of minorities

Added At:  2011-01-05 6:43 PM

   Last Updated At: 2011-01-05 6:43 PM

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RSS

KHAJURA: A public hearing program on ‘constitution drafting, peace process and minority issues’ was organised jointly by Radio Sagarmatha and Krishnasar FM at Nepalgunj on Wednesday.

Speaking at the program, Muslim leader Maimuna Siddique said the new Constitution should guarantee the rights of the Muslims, who now have a significant population in Nepal.

Siddique said the State has ignored the Muslim community in the provision of basic necessities like education and health.

Central Secretary of Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities (NEFIN), Badri Kuchbadhiya complained that the DDC has discriminated in the distribution of monthly allowance given by the Government to the minorities and near-extinct communities.

Tharu leader Mangal Chaudhary said the fundamental issues of the Tharu community should be incorporated in the new Constitution.

http://thehimalayantimes.com/fullNews.php?headline=Speakers+stress+on+ensuring+rights+of+minorities&NewsID=272011

Ethnographic museum lies in an umbra

• NTY 2011

PRAGATI SHAHI & ISHWAR RAUNIYAR

KATHMANDU, JAN 04 -
A visit to the Nepal National Ethnographic Museum is like a tour around the country in an hour. For Rs. 25 (Rs. 10 for students, Rs. 100 for foreigners and Rs. 50 for SAARC nationals), one could experience and learn about the culture and lifestyle of different communities in Nepal.
Located on the first floor of the Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) on the Exhibition Road in Kathmandu, the museum is a centre that showcases the culture and lifestyle of around 15 different ethnic communities dominant in the country.
Among the ethnic communities showcased in the diorama hall are Thakali, Sherpa, Rai, Tamang, Magar, Tharu, Newar, Gurung, Limbu, Chepang, Sunuwar and Brahmin. These groups have been put up in separate rooms that are filled with things representing the community. Thami, Uraub (Jhangad), Raute, Dhimal, Siyar, Lepcha and Barah Gaunle’s aspects of life can also be seen there. Unfortunately, at a time when the country is all
set to host the Nepal Tourism Year 2011, this important museum that serves as a testament to the magnificent diversity of Nepal’s cultural form lacks publicity.
“The public hardly notices this museum,” said Laxmi Lama, office secretary of the NNEM. Though the NTB is a favourite location for meetings, seminars and discussion forums, a majority of people, including the city folk, are not informed about it. “Hardly 10 visitors come to the museum, most of them students, in a day,” she said.
Established jointly by the NTB and the NNEM in 2004, the museum aims at promoting different cultural, social and religious aspects of the multi-cultural Nepali society. “This was established as a model to maintain ethnic harmony,” said Som Prasad Gauchan, former chief of the NNEM. “These ethnic groups reflect Nepal.” “For visitors who cannot afford to reach every part of the country, this mini-Nepal can be a place to learn about the rich cultural biodiversity of the country,” said Gauchan. For students and researchers, this can be a good place to study, he added.
The establishment of the museum was expected to boost the tourism industry besides highlighting the diversity and serving as a centre for learning. “Due to limited space and resources, we are not able to accommodate other ethnic communities prevalent in the country,” Lama said. “The delay in the construction of a larger museum in Kirtipur has further deteriorated the problem.”
The government data states there are 59 ethnic groups accounting for 38 percent of the total population of the country. According to Lama, the government, contrary to the usual trend, has not allocated the budget for the museum this year.
Meanwhile, the government has failed to pay adequate attention to the establishment of an ethnographic museum in Kirtipur. Though the idea was proposed more than a decade ago, the project has been stalled largely in the lack of funds.
A group of anthropologists and sociologists started the work of establishing a museum at Champadevi 14 years ago with the objective of showcasing the cultures and religions in the country. The government has set aside 200 ropanis of land there for the purpose.
Initially, the plan was to build a museum reflecting Nepal’s territorial map and comprising over 100 ethnic groups’ settlements, houses, lifestyles, religions and cultures.
Posted on: 2011-01-04 09:04          

http://www.ekantipur.com/2011/01/04/capital/ethnographic-museum-lies-in-an-umbra/327510/

Daura suruwal down but not out

	BIKASH SANGRAULA KATHMANDU, Sept 21: It has been two decades since 62-year-old Hira Bahadur Shakya, proprietor of Rastriya Daura Suruwal Tailors at Bangemudha, sensed that his trade was under threat as Nepal´s traditional dress with over six centuries of history was clearly faltering in its battle against Western-style apparel. Since the advent of multiparty democracy, the population in the capital has almost quadrupled, but Shakya´s clientele has remained the same in size, giving credence to his fears that the daura suruwal is loosing its centuries-old charm.  “Today, the sight of a man in daura suruwal is a rarity in Kathmandu´s streets,” said Shakya, who has been dealing exclusively in daura suruwal, coat and Nepali cap for 40 years. Ceremonial Garb Like Sagarmatha Daura Suruwal Impex and other outlets in Bangemudha, Shakya´s establishment no longer sees customers who want to wear daura suruwal, also known as labeda suruwal, on a daily basis. “For common folks, the use of daura suruwal is exclusively limited to weddings and bratabandas,” said Shakya, whose outlet receives orders for around 15 sets of daura suruwal a day. “Many Nepalese men flying abroad make it a point to include at least one daura suruwal set in their baggage,” he added with a smile that betrayed gratitude for the foreign-bound. The remaining chunk of Shakya´s clientele consists of a section of political leaders, heads of constitutional bodies, and government officials who have given continuity to the pre-1990s practice of wearing daura suwural at least during office hours. House Speaker Subas Nembang, for instance, has always worn daura suruwal at public functions after he was elected speaker following People´s Movement II. But Nembang is an exception. It wouldn´t have been so 20 years ago. “It was different during the Panchayat era,” said Shakya, remembering the days when business was brisk and profit plentiful. Especially after the crowning of King Birendra, it became mandatory for civil servants of all ranks, apart from the prime minister and other ministers, to wear daura suruwal, coat and Nepali cap during office hours. Though daura suruwal remained the official dress of the nation after 1990, monitoring was lax and so compliance was not total. However, senior officials in the civil service, most government ministers and all the successive prime ministers rigorously stuck to the official dress code. But after the momentous changes of 2006 through 2008, daura suruwal lost further ground. On August 18, 2008, Maoist Chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal took the oath of office as prime minister in a Western-style business suit. The only thing indigenous he wore on that occasion was a Nepali topi. Shakya has noticed an interesting correlation between politics and his trade. “The daura-suruwal business is relatively good when the Nepali Congress is in government,” he said. “But when the Maoists were in government, not even a single daura suruwal combine was ordered by people in the administration or government,” he added wryly. But people like Shakya now have reason to cheer. In mid-August this year, the cabinet reinstated daura suruwal as the “Nepali dress” or the official dress for Nepali males. Henceforth, Nepalese officials will be required to wear daura suruwal, coat and Nepali cap during official ceremonies. Malla Era Dress? Though there is no historical document conclusively proving the origin of the daura suruwal, it is clear the style existed well before the Malla period. “Many human statues at Changunarayan, Tindhara and Balkumari dating back to the Malla period and even the Lichchhavi era prove that daura suruwal existed then,” said culture expert Satya Mohan Joshi. Also, the statues of the 17th century king Pratap Malla of Kathmandu, the 18th century kings Bhupatindra Malla of Bhaktapur and Yog Narendra Malla of Patan, that exist to this day, show them wearing what looks like an earlier version of the daura suruwal. “While the daura suruwal and topi are indigenous, the jacket or coat is British influence,” said Joshi, who himself always wears daura suruwal. It´s widely held that Rana Prime Minister Jung Bahadur sailed for England in 1852 wearing daura suruwal and a Nepali cap. When he returned to Nepal nearly a year later, there was a new addition to his outfit: the coat. Thereafter, daura suruwal, coat and Nepali cap became the official Nepali dress. Daura suruwal was also the common man´s dress in Kathmandu Valley throughout the Rana regime when the capital was a forbidden city for foreigners.
Published on 2010-09-21 03:00:28 http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=23526

It's already 2011 in Nepal!

2010-12-30 12:30:00

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Kathmandu, Dec 30 (IANS) New year celebrations began with gusto in Nepal Thursday, two days ahead of the rest of the world, as the Gurung community ushered in the new Year of the Cat, as per their cultural tradition. The Gurungs, a mountain people who migrated from Tibet in the sixth century, account for less than one percent of Nepal's 28 million population but form a sizeable portion of the Nepali and British Armies and their New Year celebrations are held in Nepal as well as in Britain, Hong Kong and other parts of the world where the diaspora is now scattered. In India, festivities are being held in West Bengal, especially in Darjeeling, and Sikkim, as well as neighbouring Buddhist kingdom of Bhutan. A land of astonishing cultural diversity, Nepal will continue to celebrate new years throughout 2011 with different ethnic communities ushering in their own new years in different months. In mid-January, the Tamangs, another community with Tibetan roots, will celebrate their ethnic year 2087, while in February, it will be the turn of Tibetans to observe their new year Lhosar. Come April and spring, and Nepal will embark on the traditional Nepali year in accordance with the Vikram Sambat calendar started by Hindu emperor Vikramaditya, that is also followed in parts of India. In 2011 April, Nepal will be celebrating beginning of Vikramaditya Sambat 2068. Six months later, it will be the turn of the Newar community, the original residents of Kathmandu Valley, to welcome the new Newari year in accordance with the Nepal Sambat, a calendar founded by Sankhadhar Sakhwaa, an alchemist who became a national hero after paying off the debts of the entire Kathmandu Valley by transmuting sand from river banks into gold. Then as 2011 nears its end around December, the Kirat community, people living in eastern Nepal, will rejoice at the start of the Kirat new year following the Yele Sambat, the calendar named after their first king Yelamber Hang. While men, women and children Thursday began gathering in a colourful procession at Tundikhel, the public grounds in the heart of Kathmandu, the government also kicked off its tourism campaign for 2011 with a motorcycle rally from Kathmandu to Nagarkot town. In 2011, Nepal aims to draw one million foreign tourists. But despite the innovative campaigns, like the first beauty pageant in the world for elephants, the effort has been marred due to a protracted political turmoil. Six months after Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal resigned, the political parties have failed to elect a new government and the opposition Maoists, former guerrillas, have warned of a new civil war if the UN agency monitoring their fighters exited Nepal from Jan 15. There are also mounting corruption allegations in connivance with top political leaders and as the icing on the cake, the government began imposing an 11-hour daily power outage from Wednesday.

All About: Asia,Nepal, United Nations http://www.sify.com/news/it-s-already-2011-in-nepal-news-international-km4m4hejbga.html